Brigadoon Essay Research Paper I recently attended free essay sample

Brigadoon Essay, Research Paper I late attended the drama, Brigadoon by Loewe and Lerner, at my local college theatre. Through all of the dramas mystical events and vocals, I noticed some really of import inside informations. I chose to compare the thoughts in the drama to some specific thoughts held by a group of people in Italy. The mounted their thoughts together to organize a period in our history called the Renaissance. This was the first thing that came to my head when I was believing about my comparing. A drama acts as its ain clip period as it resembles a mere image of existent life. A drama could associate to about any individual, topographic point, or thing. The first comparing I would wish to speak about trades with subjects. The Renaissance period is frequently referred to as the, # 8220 ; metempsychosis # 8221 ; , period. Peoples in Italy changed the manner of life by making an organized and free manner of life. We will write a custom essay sample on Brigadoon Essay Research Paper I recently attended or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I believe that Brigadoons chief subject trades with the metempsychosis of Tommy Albright # 8217 ; s life. Tommy Albright is one of the chief stars in the drama Brigadoon. He is from New York and is on a trip with one of his best friends. He is besides engaged at the really beginning of the drama but he is in no haste to settle down. Tommy and his friend run into this concealed town called Brigadoon in the center of Scotland. It is here were Tommy falls in love with a miss named Fiona. However, the Torahs of Brigadoon forbid Fiona to go forth with Tommy and travel back to New York. Tension arises and Tommy leaves his loved one in Brigadoon. Once Tommy is back in New York he realizes his error and finds his metempsychosis. He realizes what he wants and who he wants to go. Tommy goes back to Brigadoon and corsets with Fiona, go forthing everything else behind. The comparing seems so close yet far off. In clip everything goes through a small alteration or metempsychosis. But the Renaissance and Tommy # 8217 ; s metempsychosis was different. These alterations delt with destiny, fate, and prosperity. The Renaissance period has shaped our civilization today. I might non even be composing this paper if it was non for that period were they encourage free authorship and thought. The period was portion of the universe # 8217 ; s destiny to go a better topographic point to populate. Peoples from Italy influenced each other to promote plants of art and free thought. And in clip they prospered to assist determine our civilization. However, the influences that help do a metempsychosis can merely help so much. During the Renaissance cipher expected what the hereafter would convey. Brigadoon isolated Tommy to assist him understand his love for Fiona. However, his metempsychosis is non guaranteed to last. Many obstructions stand in his way to hold the perfect relationship with Fiona. When comparing the domestic life of Brigadoon people and Renaissance people, confusion hindered my ideas. I picture the Renaissance domestic life much like that of Brigadoons. Lots of people dancing, happy, old manner, and near to one another. Brigadoon was an stray town in which traditions would last everlastingly. During the Renaissance Italian people fought to convey order and alteration society. I realize their society was non similar Brigadoons. The people in Italy were u nhappy contending to hold rationalism. However, as clip went on the Renaissance could compare to the happy town of Brigadoon. Italy shortly began to boom as people looked up to their manner of life. They had caused a metempsychosis in the manner of life and were now being rewarded. Festivals occurred all the clip and I picture the people being happy, merely like the people of Brigadoon. The manner differences between Brigadoon and the Renaissance period are illustrated. The people of Brigadoon seem to free twenty-four hours by twenty-four hours, non truly caring how they appear. A simple frock or shirt would make merely ticket on an mean twenty-four hours. During the Renaissance the people of Italy were more perfect and beautiful than any other state in Europe. The fabrics and homes were designed in one of the greatest art periods of all clip. Great creative persons influenced the people during the Renaissance. Paintings, edifices, sculptures, and plants of art were everyplace. In Venice there were regulations which prohibited certain types of frock. Brigadoon was a more set back manner of dressing. When comparing the two types of manner our civilization today comes to my head. When you walk down the street you see both types of manners. Other people influence you on what to have on and what is cool. That is why I understand Brigadoons old manner manner. They are st ray people who seldom get visitants in their town. They have nil to compare or portion with. The people in Italy influenced each other to look every bit best as they could and endeavor for flawlessness. In bend they helped give our civilization a new manner to look at manner. During the early old ages of the Renaissance the bubonic pestilence hit Europe. The pestilence was frequently called # 8220 ; black decease # 8221 ; and devastated metropolis life. I saw one adult male during the drama who was haunted by a pestilence besides. Archie Beaton # 8217 ; s boy, Harry, who is love with Jean Maclaren, was haunted by the pestilence called Charlie Dalrymple. Harry is profoundly in love but Jean is about to get married Charlie. Harry is invariably bothered and upset because of Charlie. Charlie acts as a painful pestilence that does non look to travel off. When the bubonic pestilence hit Europe many people tried to fly the metropoliss into the countryside. However, merely the rich people could afford to travel. Many people died because they did non hold the money to fly. Harry tried to run from his pestilence besides. The Torahs of Brigadoon forbid Harry to go forth the town but he does non care about them any more. When seeking to go forth Harry is killed an d his pestilence ends. The town suffers from his loss merely as the Renaissance period was hurt. The Renaissance may hold been a clip period, nevertheless, it still can associate to the drama Brigadoon. Any drama can act upon people and has to hold influences, merely like certain periods of our yesteryear. One of the chief grounds I chose the Renaissance it because it reminded of Europe, as did the drama. Whenever I think of Europe I think of pureness, humanistic disciplines, and beautiful landscapes. When I foremost seen the drama I knew it was supposed to take topographic point in Europe. So I merely compared it to the one thing in Europe that is a great historical period, the Renaissance.

Agriculture Problems in Pakistan Essay Example

Agriculture Problems in Pakistan Essay Example Agriculture Problems in Pakistan Essay Agriculture Problems in Pakistan Essay Agriculture Problems in Pakistan And Their  Solutions Posted March 8, 2010 by sappk in 2010, Poor Farmers. 7 Comments [pic]Post Source: einfopedia. com By Mohsin Ali [pic] Economy of every state depends on three sectors i. e agriculture, industry and commerce. These three are interrelated with each other as the progress or retrogress of one sector effects the other two. Pakistan is an agricultural state thus agriculture gains are of  much importance than any other sector. Importance of this sector is manifold as it feeds people, provides raw material for industry and is a base for foreign trade. Foreign exchange earned from merchandise exports is 45% of total exports of Pakistan. It contributes 26% of GDP and 52% of the total populace  is getting its livelihood from it. 67. 5% people are living in the rural areas  of Pakistan and are directly involved in it. There are two crops in Pakistan ie Rabi Kharif. Crop  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sowing season   Ã‚   |  Ã‚  Ã‚     Harvesting season Kharif        |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  April – June  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oct – Dec Rabi  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   |  Ã‚     Oct – Dec  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   April – May Major crops of Pakistan are wheat, rice, maize, cotton and sugar cane. These major crops  contributed 7. %  Ã‚  last year against the set target of 4. 5%. Minor crops  are canola, onions, mangoes and pulses which contributed 3. 6% as there was no virus attac k last year. Fishery and Forestry contributes 16. 6% and 8. 8% respectively. Though the  agricultural sector is facing problems in Pakistan yet  the major chunk of money comes from this sector. Following are the major causes of agricultural problems in Pakistan which disturb the agricultural growth or development in Pakistan. Firstly,No mechanism has been adopted to eradicate the soil erosion and even after harvesting nothing is done to improve or restore the soil energy. Therefore, the fertility of soil  is decreasing day by day. The  thickness of fertile layer of soil in Pakistan is more  than 6 inches but the average yield is lower than other countries where layer of fertile soil is only 4 inches. Secondly, water wastage is very high in our country. The archaic method of flood irrigation is still in practice in whole of the country which wastes almost 50 to 60 percent of water. A new irrigation system called drip  irrigation system has been introduced in many parts of the world. This not only saves water  but also gives proper quantity f water according to the needs of plants. Thirdly, owing old methods of cultivation and harvesting, Pakistan has low yield per acre that means the average crop in Pakistan is just 1/4th of that of advance states. Where as Nepal, India and Bangladesh are using  modern   scientific  methods to increase their yield per acre. For this purpose, these states are using modern machines  to improve their yie ld. Fourthly,  the small farmers are increasing in our country as the lands are dividing generation by generation. So, there are large number of farmers who own only 4 acres of land. These small farmers do not get credit facilities to purchase seeds, pesticides, fertilizers etc. Additionally, a large area of land is owned by feudals and the farmers who work on  their lands,  are just tenants. This uncertain situation of occupancy  neither creates incentive of work nor does attract capital investment. Fifthly,water logging and salinity  is increasing day by day. No effective measures have been taken to curb it. As the storage capacity of the dams is decreasing so the water availability per acre is also decreasing. Therefore, the farmers are installing more and more tube wells to irrigate their crops. This is why salinity is becoming the major issue in most parts of Punjab and Sindh. Sixthly,focusing more on land, crops and yield problems the man behind the plough is always ignored. While formulating the 5 or 10 years plan, no emphasize has been laid on the importance of solving the problems of farmers. Most of the farmers are illiterate, poor and ignorant. In this wake the loans issued by ADBP or other banks are used by them in other fields like repayment of debts, marriage of daughters etc, in spite of its befitting use in agricultural sector. Lastly, The only mean of communication in rural areas is T. V or radio so it is urgently needed on the part of these mass communication resources to air the programmes related to the new agricultural techniques and allied sciences. But these programmes should be telecast in regional or local languages. Because lack of guidance is  the main reason of farmers backwardness. The communication gap  between well qualified experts and simple farmers have not been bridged. Availability of these experts is not ensured in rural areas as they are reluctant to go there. Pakistan is rich in fertile land yet the land is being wasted in different ways. 79. 6% million hectors of land is  culturable where as only 20. 43% million hectors is cultivated. The reason can be described in two points. 1. A major area is owned by feudals. It is difficult to manage such a huge area so only that part is cultivated  which is easy to manage, the rest is left ignored. 2. The rise of industrialization has given threat to this sector. People are migrating to cities and cities are expanding, thus new towns and colonies are constructed on fertile lands. The irrigation system of Pakistan needs improvement as about 67% of the land is irrigated with canals. Apart form these issues the monopoly of Foreign Big Wigs and false policies of government cannot be ignored. Monopoly Of Foreign Companies: The pesticides companies are sorting partnership with â€Å"World Bank†. These companies are selling adulterated but expensive pesticides to a poor farmer thus leaving him helpless. These pesticides are not only hazardous for health but also a filling the pockets of companies. By moving according to world bank these companies are gaining their own aims. Moreover there is a conflict of interests. It is not ensured that either the company conducting agreement is basically trying to get access to international market or just working according to their aims. 91% of genetically engineered (GE) seeds is made and owned by one US Company called Monsanto. The vast majority of consumers around the world are against GE foods and crop as GE has been associated with health risks, loss of biodiversity, increased use of toxic weed killers and other environmental problems. 85% of GE crops are concentrated in just 3 countries i-e United States, Argentina and Canada. Globally G. E crops cover less than one percent of arable land. Farmer around the world have experienced problems with Monsanto’s BT cotton. Researchers from Cornell University reported that Chinese GM cotton farmers are losing money due to secondary pests. After seven years, populations of other insects such as mi rids, have increased so much that farmers are now having to spray their crops up to 20 times  per season to control them, according to the study of 481 Chinese farmers in five major cotton producing provinces. This cotton seed does not show any resistance against virus attacks and needs 8 months to give yield thus no other crop can be cultivated on that land. This seed of cotton needs more water. Therefore, Pakistan  has asked Monsanto to provide seeds which consume less water as  Pakistan is moving towards the abyss of water shortage. It is a notorious organization that took the farmers to courts many times as it did not give ownership right to farmers to preserve seed. Even the seed of harvested crop cannot be used again for cultivation. Monopoly of Monsanto is clear when it is selling seed at RS 1700 per kg to Pakistan and RS 700 per kg to India. Glaringly, the Indian ministry of health asking to ban B. T cotton seed whereas in Kerala Orrisa it is already banned. Not to ignore the gloomy side of this organization is that in the Vietnam where it provided â€Å"Agent Orange† dioxin bomb to U. S that is responsible for sever skin and genetic diseases. Non-comprehensice Policies Of Pakistan:18 billion in budget was allocated for agricultural sector of Pakistan but the withdrawal of subsidy on pesticides and electricity on the conditions of IMF has done serious damage to this sector. Whereas America and European Union are giving a huge amount of subsidy to their farmers and that is a greatest hurdle in the implementation of W. T. O rules. Additionally, price policy is very weak. In Punjab sugar cane is sold 200 Rs. per 40 kilograms. It was  purchased and later on stocked  by Industrialist in their stores. When Brazil bought sugarcane from  International Market and prices become high, the Pakistan sugar mills owners projected demand of selling sugar at high prices, thus Pakistan faced sugar crisis. Then Pakistan had to import Sugar at high prices therefore, the prices of sugar went high in local markets. Solutions For Agricultural Problems In Pakistan: 1. Feudalism should be abolished and lands should be allotted to poor farmers. This will enhance the productivity and per acre yield of all the crops in Pakistan. Taxes should  be  levied on Agricultural income but not without devising limit of land holding. Other wise it would directly effect poor farmers. 2. Federal Seed Certification and Federal Seed Registration is approved but it should taken responsible steps in approving seeds as it has already approved 36 new kinds of seeds. Specially, those seeds should be banned which can create pest problem in near future. These seeds are of cotton mainly. International seed makers are providing those seeds which are not successful in our country as these seeds are not tested on our soil. 3. A new Agricultural policy must be framed in which following steps should be focussed on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small farmer must be focused. The major problems of small farmers should be solved first.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Consumer friendly policy must be projected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Productivity enhancement programme must be constituted to adjust and support prices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Different Agricultural zones should be introduced. As Multan in famous for its Mangoes and citrus fruits so it must be made Mango, citrus zone by which Perishable products  should be exported. This would enhance agro based industry and increase foreign reserves. Pakistan Agricultural storage Services Corporation needs to take steps in this regard.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Corporate farming like giving lands to Mitehels, Nestle and Multinational companies is also a good idea that will also help those who own a large area of fertile land but can’t manage it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Surplus vegetables and fruits must be exported. A Rs 39 million scheme has been approved for the current fiscal year for establishment of agro export processing zone for fruits, vegetables and flowers. This will also help in commercializing agriculture   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Latest mechinery should be provided to the farmers to increase the per acre yield. This provision should be on easy installments so that the farmers can avoid the burden of loans. If possible subsidy should be given by the government of modern machinery.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Modern techniques of irrigation can solve the problems of irrigation in Pakistan. This includes drip irrigation and  sprinkle irrigation methods. By using this technique the farmers can save a huge some of money which he pays for irrigation through tubew ells and tracktors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More dams should be constructed on Indus, Jehlum and Chenab rivers. This will enhance the storage capacity of water and reduce the per acre cost of all the crops. This step will also reduce the salinity chances of the lands as less tubewell water will be flooded to the lands which cause salinity.

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China Essay - 14

Marketing Mix for U.S.A car market Chery Cars China - Essay Example Venturing into the American market requires a workable strategy that goes in line with the current needs of the customers. This means that the organisation has to conduct a thorough market research that would enable it come up with strategies of conquering the market. Lymbersky (29) noted that marketing strategy is all about defining objectives of the way an organisation intends to join a new market and satisfy the customers. Since Chery Cars China is not the first organisation to enter into the American market, it is apparent that there are different things that the organisation needs to look at to decide on the kind of products the American market needs. It would also be critical to understand what other organisations are offering so that the organisation can come up with unique products that would meet the expectations of the customers (Adekola, Abel and Serg). Besides, the customers must be convinced that Chery Cars China has high quality cars that are different from what they are used in the local market. With the American market being flooded with strong automobile companies like general motors and ford, Chery Cars China has to first carryout a market research on the quality of cars manufactured by these companies. This is indispensable in that the organisation will understand the taste of the customers before venturing into the market (Fernandez and Shengjun 2). This would call for a thorough assessment of the weaknesses of the existing companies so that the organisation can take advantage of that ad develops models that would please the customers. For instance, one of the leading strategies employed by the ford company in the US market is provision of quality cars that make its customers loyal. With the increased debate on the need to have eco-friendly cars in the contemporary world, Chery Cars China can take advantage and decide to design

Smoke Signals, I Stand Here Ironing Movie Review

Smoke Signals, I Stand Here Ironing - Movie Review Example logue from the perspective of a mother who, whilst ironing has her presence requested for meeting from a school administrator regarding her daughter Emily. It is upon this foundation that the mother begins to recall the childhood of her daughter who is now a nineteen year old woman. It is made abundantly clear that the mother I actuality has very little control over her daughter and feels underappreciated though she does still have strong feelings. It is only through a gradual process does the reader come to learn that her daughter had a childhood full of poverty where the narrator identifies that she was in fact nineteen years old when she gave birth toe Emily. Both the narrator and Emily suffer from abandonment issues owing to the husband/father abandoning the young pair. It is at this point that the narrator leaves the child with the husband’s family further presenting abandonment issues for Emily who ultimately was sent to a sanitarium. In the film â€Å"Smoke Signals† one finds a tale between two young men, Thomas and Victor who share the same father figure named Arnold. Victor is the actual son of Arnold and Thomas was saved by Arnold from a burning house which took the lives of his birth parents. It becomes apparent that Thomas idolizes Arnold as a savior and Victor views Arnold through a very critical lens. After Arnold dies the two men must travel across the country to retrieve his ashes and it is upon this foundation that the two men make begin to begin to vent their frustrations and come to grips with their true feelings regarding their father figure ultimately dealing with issues of abandonment, alcoholism and the true origin of the fire that took the life of Thomas’s parents (Arnold started the fire by accident with a fire cracker). The film culminates with Victor becoming more compassionate towards his father and his situation whereas Thomas reasserts his deep admiration of Arnold. From the outset the comparisons between the film and the short

Chinese and Western Culture

Chinese and Western Culture I am going to start a series of discussions on cultural differences between Chinese and Western culture. Please keep in mind that I am not saying that all Chinese are like this or all Westerners are like this; I am talking only in generalities, referring to broad patterns. Obviously, there are many differences in specific individuals; and particularly as the rapid pace of development and change continues in China, the younger generation will tend to have significant changes. Nor am I saying that one way is good, and the other is bad; I personally believe that both sides have their strengths and weaknesses. But I believe that these are interesting topics for discussion, and can improve understanding and communication on both sides. Different nations have different cultures during the long developing history. Various cultural factors resulted in different language forms. According to observation, analysis, and study, the discrepancies between the Chinese and Western culture include culture of allusions, of numbers, of colors, etc.. It is an important issue to understand and handle the relationship between culture and language while translating English idioms. Meanwhile, language is not only the cultures important content but also the carrier of culture, so culture and language are a whole. Since different culture gives rise to alternative language structures, while translating, you must know its fundamental cultural obstacles, and then you can do translation more correctly and suitably. I.What is cultural difference? There are many meanings of the word culture. Sometimes, we say that people who know about music, art, and literature are cultured. However, for anthropologist, the word culture has a different meaning. To an anthropologist the word culture means all the ways that a group of people think, feel, art, and dress. The Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English gives such an explanation of culture: the customs, beliefs, art, music, and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time. Different nations hold different cultures. For instance, full moon symbolizes jubilation and reunion in China, and a bright moon in the sky makes people feel quiet and at leisure. Ideas of beauty differ from one culture to another. For example, the Flathead Indian of North America used to bind the heads of babies between board so they would have long sloping foreheads. In the Flathead culture, long sloping foreheads were beautiful. Other cultures might think that they are strange-looking and unattractive. For another example, when people die, different cultures deals with their bodies in different ways. Sometimes bodies are buried. Sometimes bodies are buried under the ground. In many cultures in the past, people were buried with food, weapons, and other things that might be useful in the next life. For instance, the ancient Egyptians buried people with little human figures which were from clay. This clay figure were intended to work the death person in the other world. From these examples, we can see that cultures are quite different from one country to another. It is brief that different people do the same things or consider the same things in different ways. Every country own itself cultural, cultural is countrys soul and its place of origin. In order to establish a good international relationship with others countries, so we are need to understand their cultural and find their differences with our country. Because With China entry the WTO and will hold the Olympic Games in 2008, the relationship between China and Western in politics, economy, culture will become more and more close. It is undoubtedly that the etiquette will play an important role in this process. To the definition of etiquette, China and Western have a different understanding. As Chinese thinks that the etiquette is the common behavior standards that all the members must obey, and its purpose is to keep the normal living order of the society. In ancient China, a famous philosopher thinks that etiquette is a principal to deal with the relationship between man and supernatural beings, man and ghosts, man and men. There are also many words about etiquette in English, therefore we need to understand the Chinese and western cultural differences. Culture is an integrated development course, whose soul is the cultural concept or idea. The author tries to study the cultural difference between Western and Chinese culture from the perspective of economical ethics and draw the conclusion that Chinese should critically assimilate Western culture and inherit traditional Chinese culture to create a new culture which fits the needs of the new era. The differences between Chinese and Western social initiatives First, by the family of the impact of ethical conduct, the Chinese people always put yourself in a group (ethics groups) to look at themselves in order to determine their own initiatives, bad sequence style.Only targeted by Professor Fei Xiaotong said, in such a poor sequence style, the individuals behavior so self-centered, but it only shows the starting point of individual initiatives.Indeed the basis for such a move from the starting point is on the basis of ethical conduct.Therefore, in China, the individual is basically digestion among the group.Group is the purpose of individual existence, but not the means.Groups of ethical conduct ordered, probably that group of patriarchal order that is the absolute ethical order.By the abstraction of rational conduct and the resulting impact of character and independence in the West, people always put themselves as a separate entity, the individual for their own survival and growth needs to unite to create groups and join groupsactivity.Ind ividual and group are mutually exclusive, is a Zuoquan connected.Although the unity of the individual in the group, but individuals are free to the balance of payments pursuant to Zuoquan groups.Although in order to achieve the advantages of the individual, the individual in the enjoyment of community empowerment must be accompanied by the group seriously, the implementation of the mission of the individual pairs of groups. Secondly, the family as a starting point of the structure of the difference sequence initiative, blood related initiatives has become an important frame of reference, by the Chinese peoples social initiatives have been given a dark mood of color In the social interaction or correspondence of the people first of all think about is the emotional intimacy of sexual, to consider the feelings of others on a thoughtful, considerate, and admire, that is, pay attention to human.Emotion and the Chinese people are Nanshe hard to leave, became the first requirement of life.China does not conform to the most is the indifference to human connection.In between in which people not only value the sentiment, but also sub-fur sentiment a letter, as long as with the emotions related to the incident will be hard to get much easier to handle more.Insinuation sets of feelings the Chinese people have become just as normal dealings consistent with the essentials.The emotional life, so that the formation of Chinese society, a humane society, but this has to society in the public and a moderate yield growth has brought endless variables.In the eyes of the Chinese people, whether private or public events, can all be factoring in the emotional front or modification.Law enforcement, the rules of human development, though should be a human face.In the West, as the ancient Greek philosophers, the human abstract, or because people go beyond the Christian right, people in the community initiatives either a rational as a guideline, or succumb to the call of God.Where the family connected, blood related, emotional connection is not the main peoples social initiatives, the only all thinking.This is important because of their emotional and non emotional drew a clear-cut between the boundaries, and boundaries of the two sides do not have to replace nature.Sentiment in the West essentially has been compressed into a very cramped area where, it is important the family is now living in the table. Cross-cultural communication, cultural differences, cultural conflict With Chinas gradual opening-up level of depth, Western society more and more people and things into our field of vision, in this case, the cross-domain, cross-ethnic, cross-cultural economic and social contacts will be increasing This provides us with many opportunities for contact and exchanges between the West, which for deepening our understanding of Western society is a good thing, but this is not a simple matter, because we are facing from the unfamiliar cultures and countries, ways of thinking, habits and behavior patterns with our very different people, in the process of interaction with the inevitable phenomenon of cultural conflict occurs. Western cross-cultural communication in the cultural conflicts that often appear inCross-cultural Communication in Chinese and Western cultural conflict occurs there are many, here we have it is impossible to describe, only the more common are listed in several. 1.1 The privacy of the conflict The Chinese concept of privacy is relatively weak, that the individual should be vested in a collective, together pay attention to unity and friendship, mutual interest and therefore I understand the Chinese people are often very willing to other peoples ups and downs, the other party is willing to frankly say so. The Westerners are a very good personal privacy, pay attention to personal space, too many people are reluctant to mention their own affairs, but also reluctant to allow others to interfere. Therefore, privacy issues on the two sides are frequent conflicts, such as: Chinese people tend to ask first met each others age, marital status, children, occupation, or income, in the eyes of the Chinese people it is an act of courtesy, but in the West the eyes of the view that these questions violated their privacy. 1.2 concept of time in the conflict Western concept of time and money concept is linked, time is money, the concept of deep-rooted, so they are very much value his time and of time in their lives often have done a careful arrangements and plans, and develop a good time to meet this woman habits. In the West, to visit someone, you must give advance notice or agreement, and explain the purpose of visit, time and place, it was agreed upon to proceed. The Chinese people belonged to more time to get used to the country, the use of time has great randomness, as Westerners are generally not as stringent as those according to plan, Westerners have often uncomfortable. 1.3 polite language in the conflict The Chinese emphasis on humility, in communication with others, the habit of humble have respect, and this as a virtue, it is a rich Chinese cultural characteristics courtesy of the phenomenon. Others praised us, we tend to be self-deprecating about it, in order to form modest and polite. Western countries have no such cultural practices, when they were praised, there will always am happy to say Thank you accepted. As the differences between Chinese and Western cultures, we believe that Westerners are too self-confident, without modesty; and when Westerners learn that the Chinese people who do deny others their own praise, or to hear their own deny their own achievements, even when their own derogatory worth a penny , would be very surprised that the Chinese people dishonest. 1.4 dining customs in the conflict Is known hospitality of the Chinese nations fine traditions. In the communication occasions and feast on the warm toast the Chinese people offering each other cigarettes are often each other. The Chinese banquet, even if a table filled with delicious food, the owner, he always used to say a few words, excuse me and other polite words. Sometimes the owner will use chopsticks to guests bowl Jia Cai, using a variety of ways to persuade customers more Chi cai more drink. In Western countries, people emphasis on respect for individual rights and personal privacy, so they will not do an imposing task. Dinner time, you will not be hard to bowl Jia Cai, Eat what you own, they would not use a variety of ways to persuade guests to drink, do not insisted until you have drunk. 2. Causes of cultural conflict caused by the phenomenon of inquiry Of conflict caused by the phenomenon of Chinese and Western cultures a variety of reasons, study its fundamental, it is because the two sides have different Chinese and Western cultures, different historical backgrounds, will inevitably bring about peoples thinking, behavior, and many other differences, or even conflict, here we come specifically look at What are the main reason. 2.1 The differences in thinking patterns Culture will affect peoples views and understanding of the outside world of things, different countries have different cultures, so there must be differences in thinking patterns, which is in the Eastern and Western culture has been particularly evident among. Western cultures focus on logic and analytical thinking, while the Oriental culture of thinking is to show integrity intuition, which is also the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture and thinking. Because of this the impact of traditional culture, Chinese people are often special attention to intuition and pay attention to recognize the process of experience and feeling, often in exchanges of experience and feeling to this to have relieve people. Compared with the Western mode of thinking, the Chinese people of this mode of thinking has obvious broad and vague nature of the passage of time, will develop a mindset that can be interpreted as recognition and to simplify the classification of things outside the process of perception. In essence, mindset, often ignore the individual differences of things, exaggerate a particular social group associated with the other cognitive attitudes, often with emotional and accompanied by a fixed creed. In all the set, some fixed potential is correct, while others are wrong, will directly affect the cross-cultural communication, resulting in communication failures. The specific meaning of a code of conduct refers to socially accepted by the ethical standards and codes of conduct, simply, is to tell people what to do and not do as a norm. People of different cultural background in communication, we often occurs a phenomenon is to apply its own code of conduct for the society to determine the reasonableness of each others behavior, due to differences in norms of both sides, often misleading, offensive or even worse results. For example, tapping the Chinese people, said the head of a child in a friendly, while in Western countries, this is a great lack of respect for the practice of children, parents would have very angry. So, in a cross-cultural communication is able to correctly identify and apply a code of conduct is to ensure the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication an important factor. To safeguard the smooth progress of cross-cultural communication, we must understand each others codes of conduct, in particular, what conduct is pr ohibited, the best way is to follow the principle of Romans do. 2.3 The values of different Peoples communicative competence is the process of socialization produced inevitably and values together. Every culture has its own unique value system, this system can help people distinguish between beauty and ugliness, good and evil, this is the peoples philosophy of life, moral standards and code of conduct. But it can not be divorced from the specific culture of the existence of criteria for judging every culture is different, this culture that it is good, another culture may think that bad, but they are in their own culture, and their existence within the system is reasonable, must not be understood as a standard of value is advanced, while another standard of value behind. In Chinese and Western cultures, for example, in Chinese culture, people respected modest chirye, the pursuit of adaptable and do not like assertive or aggressive, and social trends are often blocked too prominent individuals, are the so-called line above the masses, people will be non of. In Chinese culture , the collective orientation of the dominant, the pursuit of personal development is seen as a serious individualism, is bound to be condemned. The Western culture is very much advocating individualism, adaptable is seen as a lack of entrepreneurial performance, are lazy, incompetent synonymous for society and individuals are not taken. Human-based thinking is rooted in their hearts, people advocating independent thinking, independent judgments, relying on their ability to achieve their personal interests, and that the supremacy of individual interests. 2. Comparison study from the perspective of Advertisement Language and culture are inseparable. Each nationals special culture mode comes out of the speech and behavior of that race by all means. They use their own language to record the things happened by them. The advertisement is a kind of manifestation of culture, its under the influence and restrict of local culture. National culture influences and restricts the development and expression of advertising language which is the core content of advertisement .advertising language contains and reflects the social culture. Language exists in the community and with the development of society and development, and culture among the definite role to play. A philosophy idea, thinking mode of race, the cultural mental state, moral concept, life style, customs and habits, social system, religion and faithetc, will produce a function to the advertisement language by all means. No matter how the advertising art develop, as long as it is a popular method of communication involved, it will never take p art from language , language will be the most important and effective communication tool. Advertisement through the performance function of language to describe the image of product, express the taste sensibility and make an introduction of related products knowledge lively and specifically. However, the current language is not merely the carrier of products; it adjusts tradition and modern culture factors to make them carry more contents richer than it. In fact, the advertisement language of the social culture reflection is easily comprehended and accepted by people, this can promote the effect of advertisement. Take cognizance of this, make great effort to discuss the inside relation of national culture and advertisement language, it has important function to create and design the advertisement language which matches the basic principle of advertisement expression and suites particular national cultural characteristic. Each advertisement language has its trace of social national c ulture, according to every nations thinking mode, mental characteristic, living custom, value judgment ,even the political belief, social system to consider an advertisement creation, in order to keep with native son taste, match native son mindset has already been earnestly practiced by numerous advertisement plan personnel. The influence of Chinese and Western culture on advertising language is various, The Chinese and Western advertising language also reflect the Chinese and Western culture in many ways. The company of American PG named its shampoo pert-plus in the United States, being named perjoice in the Asia, and its Chinese name is float soft to cater for Chinese market, and it can explain a problem very much. Owing to the differences of Chinese and Western culture, the representation form of Chinese and Western advertisement is diverse, advertising language also manifests different culture value and thinking mode. As the culture background, customs, behavior principle, life style of Chinese and Western have great distinction. Therefore, every countrys advertisement businessman will think over the culture background of consumers. The aim of the paper is to lay out the influences to by comparing Chinese and Western advertising languages. II. The relationship between culture and language 2.1 The concept of the language and culture Culture is the all and the one which consist by social behavior, art, beliefs, customs transmission through society conduct and all other products of human work and thinking .Language is accompanied by the creation of the human society, it is the direct manifestation of thinking. Language reflects the characteristics of a nation, which not only includes the nations historical and cultural backgrounds, but holds on the nations view of life, the way of life and thinking. Culture is diverse, language is also varied (Chen, 2000:20).When the nation as a language, living areas, economic life and psychological stability community appears in the history of mankind, language is deeply stamped with the brand of a nation; it is the most typical characterization of the nation and national culture. 2.2 The relations of language and culture Language can not separate from related culture to be independent. Some sociologists believe that the language is the cornerstone of culture-no language, no culture.From another aspect, language is affected by language and reflected the culture. Language is based on the historical and cultural aspects. The nations way of thinking, values, concepts, habits and behavior will affect aesthetic language development. The formation of a national culture, development and absorption ought to pass the language to achieve. Language and culture influence each other; we should try to understand language and culture and to learn them. Language is like a mirror which reflects the entire culture, and every nation has its own culture. Language as the carrier and idea of culture, its representation form is influenced and restricted by culture. Understand their unique cultural background to understand the language features. Only more exposure to foreign cultures, familiar with different language nationa l history amorous feelings, way of life, value and national psychology, open up their vision, learn more about the cultural and language differences. Culture promotes the development of advertising language, the language of advertising propagandize its culture. Chinese and Western advertising language has its own unique form of language which contain the beautiful scenery of language and culture. The charm of the language of instruction is fully displayed in the advertisement. Meanwhile, the Chinese and Western social and cultural knowledge which contained in language make us experience the infinitude delight .Chinese and Western advertising languages let us deepen our understanding of foreign countries, and bring to the world of cross-cultural exchanges 2.3 Culture of numbers and translation Numbers are used here and there so that culture of numbers has come into being. Cultures are carried by language, and there are differences between the English and Chinese languages. The differences her I will mention is not the one of the figures calculation or arrangement, but the different phenomenon of idioms composed of numbers displayed in the two different cultures. As far as Chinese culture is concerned, there are numerous Chinese idioms and idiomatic usages with numbers, we are familiar with them: ;;,;;;,( «Ã‚ »),etc. If you want to translate these Chinese idioms into English literally, the version will not be accepted by western culture. For example, translate into one eye sees it all clearly; into seven mouths and eight tongues; into three longs and two shorts; no one will understand what does it really mean. And in English culture, there exists culture of numbers everywhere, which deals with many fields, showing that culture of numbers should be paid attention to, too. seven is holy and mysterious number which is regarded as a lucky numbers, if seven or nine times any of the odd numbers, and your age is one of them: 21,27,35,45,49,63,81, you will be considered as the one who has a dangerous time. The seventh son of ones seventh son is always accepted as an outstanding. And what is more, there are many idiomatic usages with seven in English culture. For instance, how do you translate this sentence into Chinese: Seventy times seven did I take counsel with my soul. Some one will translate it like this: ,but the right one should like this: Here seventy times seven can be translated into which comes from the Bible: Jesus saith unto him, I say not unto thee, until seven times: but, until seventy times seven. From the above examples we can see that, either Chinese or English idioms with numbers, we should translate them freely for cultural differences exist everywhere. ?.The features of Chinese and Western advertisement Advertising, a kind of war as a modern business strategy and weapons, their purpose is commercial in nature, but its manifestations is a cultural and artistic.Emergence and development of advertising is the inevitable product of social development, the same time, is also a product of culture. Advertisement is the special performance of modern culture spirit. As a means of reflecting the reality, advertising language also is the component of culture. Advertisements adjust peoples activity or bring the society effect into play. Advertisement is a multi-language arts conveying information to people and using language for the carrier .Therefore, the advertising language should be simple and easily understood, fluency and clear, we should also pay attention to the rhetoric manner at the same time. Chinese and Western advertisement cited a variety of rhetoric to achieve the effect of merchandise promotion, and consumers are not consciously deepened the impression of the product after gaini ng the spirit edifying and enjoying aesthetic feeling, arousing peoples desire to buy it , such as antithesis, Hyperbole, Parody, metaphor, rhyme and repeatedly. Etc Owing to the differences of Chinese and Western culture, the representation form is diverse. Advertising language also manifests different culture values and thinking mode. Chinese and Western culture has large different culture background, customs, behavior conduct and way of life. Thus, advertisers will no doubt consider the demands of consumer through their cultural background. There I list some examples of advertisement to compare and analyze how the Chinese and Western national culture influence their advertising language: 3.1 Different Philosophy concept The Chinese nation has insists that the heaven and human units as the harmonious one. For example: something unexpected may happen any time, I have life insurance (The Peoples Insurance Company of China).This ad indicates that people are not afraid of accident because the people have insurance. The accident and insurance is a unit and are dispensable. That the business loves customs is showed in this ad and it will come to an agreement between them. At last the goal of the ad comes into truth. . But in western culture they insist the standpoint of pluralistic. They pay attention to diversity and changes of material, emphasis specially on the change and difference of the nature ,stressed that personal freedom, self-development and personal enterprise. The biggest different between harmonious and pluralists if that the pluralists is not limited. Look at this English ad:Olympus, No limits. There is little you cant be with the Olympus Zoom Lens Reflex series. The all-in-X cameras that wont limit your creative ability. (Olympus camera). The camera have one more features make photographs produce different then to reflect individual creativity is in the continuing development and is not limited in this ad. The advertisements show the ultimate challenge and seek freedom can greatly stimulate consumer desire so enthusiastic consumption. 3.2 Different cultural values-oriented Chinese cultural has a long history and the alcohol cultural is significant. To illustrate the quality of goods, they attempt to explain how long the water life by quotating the history. For example: (1) Legend quality, Century ZHANG YU.( ZHANG YU Tokay) (2) Tang palace drink, JIAN NAN CHUN (JIAN NAN CHUN Drink) Those two alcohols long history were given expression to only sentences, showing the deep feeling toward consumers, narrowing the gap between the products and consumers. The Western countries insisted the short term oriented culture; the main reason is the history is shorter than China. They dont do the business like Chinese who often use the factors of history and tradition, but use the strong and direct marketing strategy (hard sale), a product of the immediate results as a selling point. For example: go and get it at once, buy it , fit it well, take action right now, call now etc. is the common use in foreign ads . Value is the different views and attitudes of people regarding the matter. China is a traditional agricultural economy society, it is said that Chinese cultural system emphasized the collectivism and authoritative character, using the natural value orientation. This ad is a manifestation of this feature of Chinese culture: HUA LI killing mosquito tool-silence without mosquito dedication. This ad was excellent for using the partial tone of mosquito and listen. It builds the image of unknown to public dedication of products and corporation. To praises of the heroes of our community who quietly worked hard, this identity arouses the resonance in the minds of vast consumers. But in the Western capital society, individualism?equality and the dominant natural were the orientation ,they stress personality differences. This can be seen from many American ads products, there are many differences trying to explain from, even in the absence of any differences as well. In the United States ads, there is a popular phrase, it would be: to create different. For example: One airline painted the vivid colors on the airframe in order to catch peoples eye. In fact, the plane and service of other airplane company are not much different. 3.3 Different cultural psychology Advertiser often reflecting takes me the psychology and tries to appear the customers. Ads reflected the cultural psychology of language is quite common. Such as:1?congratulate to make a pile to welcome new year, have long luck Goldlion (Goldlion wearing advertisement); 2?WEI LI washing machine, dedicated to a mother. (WEI LI washing machine); the advertising language cater to the cultural psychology of Chinese, has persuaded function. Good fortune?salary?longevity ?happy and wealth were the symbol of Chinese traditional culture. Chinese have the psychology of hearing nice words, so many products related to the common use show menu of the family affection. For example: A lot of good luck, a lot of satisfaction (FU MAN DUO instant noodles) and A bowl nice glue ball round and round , a good reunion after eating (a advertisement of Chinese glutinous rice flour) are two types examples which emphasis Chinese value. In contrast, the Western culture takes more emphasis on independence and i ndividuality; their ads pay more attention to character display, ideas and humor. Kodak film and your family happiness Is a popular advertisement in Chinas market, but its ads in U.S is a picture of one boy holding ponchos in one hand, and the other standing on a sword with the statements. He just killed his last dragon. Kodak keeps happiness for Chinese, keep the feat for American. The whole world has a common human emotion, such as kinship, friendship and love, but

Accounting Records Required Essay

The general rule of the Companies Act of the Section 167(1) state that every company and the directors and managers thereof shall cause to be kept such accounting and other records as will sufficiently explain the transactions and financial position of the company and enable true and fair profit and loss accounts and balance sheets and any documents required to be attached thereto to be prepared from time to time, and shall cause those records to be kept in such manner as to enable them to be conveniently and properly audited. Thus, Beta Sdn Bhd, a private company, shall keep the accounting and other records of the company. The Beta Sdn Bhd, the company is required to keep records of the company’s financial transactions. The records must contain sufficient detail to enable the financial position of the company to be determined at any time and so that the directors can ensure that any profit and loss account or balance sheet complies with the requirements of the Companies Act 1965. The records should contain all details of any income and expenditure and a record of the company’s assets and liabilities. By virtue of section 167(3), the Beta Sdn Bhd should kept the records at the registered office that referred to in subsection (1) or at such other places in Malaysia as the directors think fit and shall at all times be open to inspection by the directors. See more: Homelessness as a social problem Essay The directors are responsible for keeping proper accounting records which disclose with reasonable accuracy at all times the ? nancial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the ? nancial statements comply with the Companies Act 1965. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and consequently for taking all possible steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. By virtue of section 169 (14) every balance sheet of the private company, Beta Sdn Bhd shall give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company as at the end of the period to which it relates and every profit and loss account shall give a true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company for the period of accounting as shown in the accounting and other records of the company, and without affecting the generality of the foregoing, every such balance sheet and profit and loss account shall comply with the requirements of the Ninth Schedule so far as applicable thereto.

Of Power and Time Essay

Time The article by Mary Oliver is very deep and passionate in a way you can’t help but relate to, in a way you almost understand where the writer is coming from. Through out this article the writer explains through out a poem of how it is to be a writer. The article fails to revolve around any specific thing but does so with descriptive elegance. Oliver is talking through her poetry and saying that she is her own self, and she will write down what she intends to. Through her article she throws around the words â€Å"ordinary† and â€Å"regular†, she doesn’t appear to be referring to herself in anyway, perhaps it is her idea or memory she is indeed referencing. The start of the article begins with the author just walking up on a crisp morning. Someone calls on her and she is forced to abandon the thought she had on her mind. She continues to talk about the things that drive you away from your concentration, like privacy, pencils, paper, and erasers. She describes how you can have an idea or thought on the very edge of your mind and just the slightest thing can drive it away, even if it’s the thought itself. She ponders upon the idea that a thought can drive away the same thought, then simultaneously switches to memories of her as a child ad how she is really still the same. â€Å"most of my education was intended to make me feel comfortable within it† (Mary Oliver). Mary Oliver then suggests that all of her education was not merely for her life use but just for comfort, which her education and views her discomfort as a benefit. She seems to have a backwards view on things most wouldn’t look at. She says that â€Å"The extraordinary is what art is really about†, (Mary Oliver) suggests that she herself does not wish to be ordinary? In her thinking, you have to be a risk-taker type of person to be extraordinary. She is recklessly working away at 6 a. m. in the morning regardless of any social calls. She’s trying to say that no matter what happens, it is up to her to get the poem written like as if she is completely devoted to it. She describes her attachment as loyalty towards the poem. When Oliver says to rejoice if she does not turn up for a meeting or event, she is trying to say; be happy for me, because I will be writing poetry. In Mary’s eyes, the most regretful people are those who felt the call to be great but didn’t act upon it. Mary Oliver is a difficult writer to understand but through it all, one could see what she is truly trying to say. Bibliography Oliver, Mary. â€Å"Of Power and Time. † Blue Pastures (1995).